The problem of orbital stability of a periodic motion of an autonomous two-degreeof-freedom Hamiltonian system is studied. The linearized equations of perturbed motion always have two real multipliers equal to one, because of the autonomy and the Hamiltonian structure of the system. The other two multipliers are assumed to be complex conjugate numbers with absolute values equal to one, and the system has no resonances up to third order inclusive, but has a fourth-order resonance. It is believed that this case is the critical one for the resonance, when the solution of the stability problem requires considering terms higher than the fourth degree in the series expansion of the Hamiltonian of the perturbed motion.
Using Lyapunov’s methods and KAM theory, sufficient conditions for stability and instability are obtained, which are represented in the form of inequalities depending on the coefficients of series expansion of the Hamiltonian up to the sixth degree inclusive.

We prove the existence of subharmonic solutions in the dynamics of a pendulum whose point of suspension executes a vertical anharmonic oscillation of small amplitude.

We examine the motions of an autonomous Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom in a neighborhood of an equilibrium point at a 1:1 resonance. It is assumed that the matrix of linearized equations of perturbed motion is reduced to diagonal form and the equilibrium is linearly stable. As an illustration, we consider the problem of the motion of a dynamically symmetric rigid body (satellite) relative to its center of mass in a central Newtonian gravitational field on a circular orbit in a neighborhood of cylindrical precession. The abovementioned resonance case takes place for parameter values corresponding to the spherical symmetry of the body, for which the angular velocity of proper rotation has the same value and direction as the angular velocity of orbital motion of the radius vector of the center of mass. For parameter values close to the resonance point, the problem of the existence, bifurcations and orbital stability of periodic rigid body motions arising from a corresponding relative equilibrium of the reduced system is solved and issues concerning the existence of conditionally periodic motions are discussed.

This paper is concerned with a nonautonomous Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom whose Hamiltonian is a $2\pi$-periodic function of time and analytic in a neighborhood of an equilibrium point. It is assumed that the system exhibits a secondorder resonance, i. e., the system linearized in a neighborhood of the equilibrium point has a double multiplier equal to $−1$. The case of general position is considered when the monodromy matrix is not reduced to diagonal form and the equilibrium point is linearly unstable. In this case, a nonlinear analysis is required to draw conclusions on the stability (or instability) of the equilibrium point in the complete system.
In this paper, a constructive algorithm for a rigorous stability analysis of the equilibrium point of the above-mentioned system is presented. This algorithm has been developed on the basis of a method proposed in [1]. The main idea of this method is to construct and normalize a symplectic map generated by the phase flow of a Hamiltonian system.
It is shown that the normal form of the Hamiltonian function and the generating function of the corresponding symplectic map contain no third-degree terms. Explicit formulae are obtained which allow one to calculate the coefficients of the normal form of the Hamiltonian in terms of the coefficients of the generating function of a symplectic map.
The developed algorithm is applied to solve the problem of stability of resonant rotations of a symmetric satellite.

We consider the motion of an asymmetric gyrostat under the attraction of a uniform Newtonian field. It is supposed that the center of mass lies along one of the principal axes of inertia, while a rotor spins around a different axis of inertia. For this problem, we obtain the possible permanent rotations, that is, the equilibria of the system. The Lyapunov stability of these permanent rotations is analyzed by means of the Energy–Casimir method and necessary and sufficient conditions are derived, proving that there exist permanent stable rotations when the gyrostat is oriented in any direction of the space. The geometry of the gyrostat and the value of the gyrostatic momentum are relevant in order to get stable permanent rotations. Moreover, it seems that the necessary conditions are also sufficient, but this fact can only be proved partially.

This paper contains a collection of properties of Kovalevskaya exponents which are eigenvalues of a linearization matrix of weighted homogeneous nonlinear systems along certain straight-line particular solutions. Relations in the form of linear combinations of Kovalevskaya exponents with nonnegative integers related to the presence of first integrals of the weighted homogeneous nonlinear systems have been known for a long time. As a new result other nonlinear relations between Kovalevskaya exponents calculated on all straight-line particular solutions are presented. They were obtained by an application of the Euler–Jacobi–Kronecker formula specified to an appropriate $n$-form in a certain weighted homogeneous projective space

We consider the stability of planar periodic Mercury-type rotations of a rigid body around its center of mass in an elliptical orbit in a central Newtonian field of forces. Mercurytype rotations mean that the body makes 3 turns around its center of mass during 2 revolutions of the center of mass in its orbit (resonance 3:2). These rotations can be 1) symmetrical $2\pi$-periodic, 2) symmetrical $4\pi$-periodic and 3) asymmetrical $4\pi$-periodic. The stability of rotations of type 1) was investigated by A.P. Markeev. In our paper we present a nonlinear stability analysis for some rotations of types 2) and 3) in 3rd- and 4th-order resonant cases, in the nonresonant case and at the boundaries of regions of linear stability.

A stability analysis of the stationary rotation of a system of $N$ identical point Bessel vortices lying uniformly on a circle of radius $R$ is presented. The vortices have identical intensity $\Gamma$ and length scale $\gamma^{-1}>0$. The stability of the stationary motion is interpreted as equilibrium stability of a reduced system. The quadratic part of the Hamiltonian and eigenvalues of the linearization matrix are studied. The cases for $N=2,\ldots,6$ are studied sequentially. The case of odd $N=2\ell+1\geqslant 7$ vortices and the case of even $N=2n\geqslant 8$ vortices are considered separately. It is shown that the $(2\ell+1)$-gon is exponentially unstable for $0 < \gamma R < R_*(N)$. However, this $(2\ell+1)$-gon is stable for $\gamma R\geqslant R_*(N)$ in the case of the linearized problem (the eigenvalues of the linearization matrix lie on the imaginary axis). The even $N=2n\geqslant 8$ vortex $2n$-gon is exponentially unstable for $R>0$.

This paper concerns with the study of the stability of one equilibrium solution of an autonomous analytic Hamiltonian system in a neighborhood of the equilibrium point with $1$-degree of freedom in the degenerate case $H= q^4+ H_5+ H_6+\cdots$. Our main results complete the study initiated by Markeev in [9].