In this paper a Lotka$ndash;Volterra type system is considered. For such a system, bi-Hamiltonian formulation, symplectic realizations and symmetries are presented.

The transition from asynchronous hyperchaos to complete synchrony in coupled identical chaotic systems may either occur directly or be mediated by a preliminary stage of generalized synchronization. In the present paper we investigate the underlying mechanisms of realization of the both scenarios. It is shown that a generalized synchronization arises when the manifold of identically synchronous states $M$ is transversally unstable, while the local transversal contraction of phase volume first appears in the areas of phase space separated from $M$ and being visited by the chaotic trajectories. On the other hand, a direct transition from an asynchronous hyperchaos to the complete synchronization occurs, under variation of the controlling parameter, if the transversal stability appears first on the manifold $M$, and only then it extends upon the neighboring phase volume. The realization of one or another scenario depends upon the choice of the coupling function. This result is valid for both unidirectionally and mutually coupled systems, that is confirmed by theoretical analysis of the discrete models and numerical simulations of the physically realistic flow systems.

The Chaplygin separation equation for a rolling axisymmetric ball has an algebraic expression for the effective potential $V (z = \cos\theta, D, \lambda)$ that is difficult to analyze. We simplify this expression for the potential and find a 2-parameter family for when the potential becomes a rational function of $z = \cos\theta$. Then this separation equation becomes similar to the separation equation for the heavy symmetric top. For nutational solutions of a rolling sphere, we study a high frequency $\omega_3$-dependence of the width of the nutational band, the depth of motion above $V (z_{min}, D, \lambda)$ and the $\omega_3$-dependence of nutational frequency $\frac{2\pi}{T}$.

In this paper, we give a new construction of resonant normal forms with a small remainder for near-integrable Hamiltonians at a quasi-periodic frequency. The construction is based on the special case of a periodic frequency, a Diophantine result concerning the approximation of a vector by independent periodic vectors and a technique of composition of periodic averaging. It enables us to deal with non-analytic Hamiltonians, and in this first part we will focus on Gevrey Hamiltonians and derive normal forms with an exponentially small remainder. This extends a result which was known for analytic Hamiltonians, and only in the periodic case for Gevrey Hamiltonians. As applications, we obtain an exponentially large upper bound on the stability time for the evolution of the action variables and an exponentially small upper bound on the splitting of invariant manifolds for hyperbolic tori, generalizing corresponding results for analytic Hamiltonians.

This paper is a sequel to "Normal forms, stability and splitting of invariant manifolds I. Gevrey Hamiltonians", in which we gave a new construction of resonant normal forms with an exponentially small remainder for near-integrable Gevrey Hamiltonians at a quasiperiodic frequency, using a method of periodic approximations. In this second part we focus on finitely differentiable Hamiltonians, and we derive normal forms with a polynomially small remainder. As applications, we obtain a polynomially large upper bound on the stability time for the evolution of the action variables and a polynomially small upper bound on the splitting of invariant manifolds for hyperbolic tori.

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of systems describing the rolling without slipping and spinning (rubber rolling) of various rigid bodies on a plane and a sphere. It is shown that a hierarchy of possible types of dynamical behavior arises depending on the body’s surface geometry and mass distribution. New integrable cases and cases of existence of an invariant measure are found. In addition, these systems are used to illustrate that the existence of several nontrivial involutions in reversible dissipative systems leads to quasi-Hamiltonian behavior.