Andrey Oshemkov

The Adler – van Moerbeke integrable case of the Euler equations on the Lie algebra $so(4)$ is investigated. For the $L-A$ pair found by Reyman and Semenov-Tian-Shansky for this system, we explicitly present a spectral curve and construct the corresponding discriminant set. The singularities of the Adler – van Moerbeke integrable case and its bifurcation diagram are discussed. We explicitly describe singular points of rank 0, determine their types, and show that the momentum mapping takes them to self-intersection points of the real part of the discriminant set. In particular, the described structure of singularities of the Adler – van Moerbeke integrable case shows that it is topologically different from the other known integrable cases on $so(4)$.

A Hamiltonian system on a Poisson manifold $M$ is called integrable if it possesses sufficiently many commuting first integrals $f_1, \ldots f_s$ which are functionally independent on $M$ almost everywhere. We study the structure of the singular set $K$ where the differentials $df_1, \ldots, df_s$ become linearly dependent and show that in the case of bi-Hamiltonian systems this structure is closely related to the properties of the corresponding pencil of compatible Poisson brackets. The main goal of the paper is to illustrate this relationship and to show that the bi-Hamiltonian approach can be extremely effective in the study of singularities of integrable systems, especially in the case of many degrees of freedom when using other methods leads to serious computational problems. Since in many examples the underlying bi-Hamiltonian structure has a natural algebraic interpretation, the technology developed in this paper allows one to reformulate analytic and topological questions related to the dynamics of a given system into pure algebraic language, which leads to simple and natural answers.